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	<title>Gopal Singhal&#039;s Blog...  it&#039;s all about Infrastructure Administration ...</title>
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		<title>Gopal Singhal&#039;s Blog...  it&#039;s all about Infrastructure Administration ...</title>
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		<title>20 Command line shortcut tips in Linux</title>
		<link>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/20-command-line-shortcut-tips-in-linux/</link>
		<comments>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/20-command-line-shortcut-tips-in-linux/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Sep 2011 08:58:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>gopalsinghal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/20-command-line-shortcut-tips-in-linux/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Command line shortcuts in Linux for command edit options and other activities. Ctrl + a =&#62; Return to the start of the command you&#8217;re typing Ctrl + e =&#62; Go to the end of the command you&#8217;re typing Ctrl + u =&#62; Cut everything before the cursor to a special clipboard Ctrl + k =&#62; [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=gopalsinghal.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10897619&amp;post=83&amp;subd=gopalsinghal&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><em>Command line shortcuts in Linux for command edit options and other activities.</em></strong></p>
<ul>
<li><em>Ctrl + a</em> =&gt; Return to the start of the command you&#8217;re typing</li>
<li><em>Ctrl + e</em> =&gt; Go to the end of the command you&#8217;re typing</li>
<li><em>Ctrl + u</em> =&gt; Cut everything before the cursor to a special clipboard</li>
<li><em>Ctrl + k</em> =&gt; Cut everything after the cursor to a special clipboard</li>
<li><em>Ctrl + y</em> =&gt; Paste from the special clipboard that <em>Ctrl + u</em> and <em>Ctrl + k</em> save their data to</li>
<li><em>Ctrl + t</em> =&gt; Swap the two characters before the cursor (you can actually use this to transport a character from the left to the right, try it!)</li>
<li><em>Ctrl + w</em> =&gt; Delete the word / argument left of the cursor</li>
<li><em>Ctrl + l</em> =&gt; Clear the screen</li>
<li>tty =&gt; Typing the tty command tells you what virtual terminal you&#8217;re currently working in.</li>
<li>Shift + PageUp =&gt; Scroll terminal output up.</li>
<li>Shift + PageDown =&gt; Scroll terminal output down.</li>
<li>Ctrl + l =&gt; Does exactly the same as typing the clear command.</li>
<li>Reset =&gt; If you mess up your terminal, use the reset command. For example, if you try to cat a binary file, the terminal starts showing weird characters. Note that you may not be able to see the command when you&#8217;re typing it.</li>
<li>Ctrl + r =&gt; Find the last command that contained the letters you&#8217;re typing. For example, if you want to find out the last action you did to a file called &quot;file42.txt&quot;, you&#8217;ll press Ctrl + r and start typing the file name. Or, if you want to find out the last parameters you gave to the &quot;cp&quot; command, you&#8217;ll press Ctrl + r and type in &quot;cp&quot;.</li>
<li>Ctrl + c =&gt; Kill the current process.</li>
<li>Ctrl + z =&gt; Send the current process to background. This is useful if you have a program running, and you need the terminal for awhile but don&#8217;t want to exit the program completely. Then just send it to background with Ctrl+z, do whatever you want, and type the command fg to get the process back.</li>
<li>Ctrl + d =&gt; Log out from the current terminal. If you use this in a terminal emulator under X, this usually shuts down the terminal emulator after logging you out.</li>
<li>Ctrl + Alt + Del =&gt; Reboot the system. You can change this behavior by editing /etc/inittab if you want the system to shut down instead of rebooting.</li>
<li>Ctrl + Alt + Backspace =&gt; Reboot the Graphics.</li>
</ul>
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		<title>PostgreSQL Error and Slow Query Log</title>
		<link>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/09/postgresql-error-and-slow-query-log/</link>
		<comments>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/09/postgresql-error-and-slow-query-log/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Sep 2011 10:04:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>gopalsinghal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/09/postgresql-error-and-slow-query-log/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Set the following variable in postgresql.conf to log all queries that take longer than 100 milliseconds: logging_collector = on # This parameter allows messages sent to stderr, and CSV-format log output, to be captured and redirected into log files. log_directory = (string) # When logging_collector is enabled, this parameter determines the directory in which log [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=gopalsinghal.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10897619&amp;post=82&amp;subd=gopalsinghal&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Set the following variable in postgresql.conf to log all queries that take longer than 100 milliseconds:</p>
<p>logging_collector = on # This parameter allows messages sent to stderr, and CSV-format log output, to be captured and redirected into log files.</p>
<p>log_directory = (string) # When logging_collector is enabled, this parameter determines the directory in which log files will be created.</p>
<p>log_filename = (string) # When logging_collector is enabled, this parameter sets the file names of the created log files.</p>
<p>log_rotation_size = 10M # this parameter determines the maximum size of an individual log file.</p>
<p>log_min_duration_statement = 100 # Causes the duration of each completed statement to be logged if the statement ran for at least the specified number of milliseconds. Setting this to zero prints all statement durations.</p>
<p>log_min_error_statement = error # Controls whether or not the SQL statement that causes an error condition will be recorded in the server log.</p>
<p>They will show up in the main postgresql.log file</p>
<p>Example Settings (on PostgreSQL 8.2):</p>
<p>redirect_stderr = on # Enable capturing of stderr into log</p>
<p>log_directory = &#8216;pg_log&#8217; # Directory where log files are written</p>
<p>log_filename = &#8216;postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log&#8217; # Log file name pattern.</p>
<p>log_rotation_size = 2MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will</p>
<p>log_min_error_statement = warning # Values in order of increasing severity:</p>
<p>log_min_duration_statement = 5000 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements</p>
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		<title>PostgreSQL general memory tuning parameters</title>
		<link>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/09/postgresql-general-memory-tuning-parameters/</link>
		<comments>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/09/postgresql-general-memory-tuning-parameters/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Sep 2011 10:03:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>gopalsinghal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/09/postgresql-general-memory-tuning-parameters/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There are several postmaster options that can be set that drastically affect performance, below is a list of the most commonly used and how they effect performance: max_connections = &#60;num&#62; — This option sets the maximum number of database backend to have at any one time. Use this feature to ensure that you do not [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=gopalsinghal.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10897619&amp;post=81&amp;subd=gopalsinghal&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>There are several postmaster options that can be set that drastically affect performance, below is a list of the most commonly used and how they effect performance:</p>
<ul>
<li><em>max_connections = &lt;num&gt;</em> — This option sets the maximum number of database backend to have at any one time. Use this feature to ensure that you do not launch so many backends that you begin swapping to disk and kill the performance of all the children. Depending on your application it may be better to deny the connection entirely rather than degrade the performance of all of the other children.</li>
<li><em>shared_buffers = &lt;num&gt;</em> — Editing this option is the simplest way to improve the performance of your database server. The default is pretty low for most modern hardware. General wisdom says that this should be set to roughly 25% of available RAM on the system. Like most of the options I will outline here you will simply need to try them at different levels (both up and down ) and see how well it works on your particular system. Most people find that setting it larger than a third starts to degrade performance.</li>
<li><em>effective_cache_size = &lt;num&gt;</em> — This value tells PostgreSQL&#8217;s optimizer how much memory PostgreSQL has available for caching data and helps in determing whether or not it use an index or not. The larger the value increases the likely hood of using an index. This should be set to the amount of memory allocated to shared_buffers plus the amount of OS cache available. Often this is more than 50% of the total system memory.</li>
<li><em>work_mem = &lt;num&gt;</em> — This option is used to control the amount of memory using in sort operations and hash tables. While you may need to increase the amount of memory if you do a ton of sorting in your application, care needs to be taken. This isn&#8217;t a system wide parameter, but a per operation one. So if a complex query has several sort operations in it it will use multiple work_mem units of memory. Not to mention that multiple backends could be doing this at once. This query can often lead your database server to swap if the value is too large. This option was previously called <em>sort_mem</em> in older versions of PostgreSQL.</li>
<li><em>max_fsm_pages = &lt;num&gt;</em> — This option helps to control the free space map. When something is deleted from a table it isn&#8217;t removed from the disk immediately, it is simply marked as &quot;free&quot; in the free space map. The space can then be reused for any new INSERTs that you do on the table. If your setup has a high rate of DELETEs and INSERTs it may be necessary increase this value to avoid table bloat.</li>
<li><em>fsync = &lt;boolean&gt;</em> — This option determines if all your WAL pages are fsync()&#8217;ed to disk before a transactions is committed. Having this on is safer, but can reduce write performance. If fsync is not enabled there is the chance of unrecoverable data corruption. Turn this off at your own risk.</li>
<li><em>commit_delay = &lt;num&gt;</em> and <em>commit_siblings = &lt;num&gt;</em> — These options are used in concert to help improve performance by writing out multiple transactions that are committing at once. If there are commit_siblings number of backends active at the instant your transaction is committing then the server waiting commit_delay microseconds to try and commit multiple transactions at once.</li>
<li><em>random_page_cost = &lt;num&gt;</em> — random_page_cost controls the way PostgreSQL views non-sequential disk reads. A higher value makes it more likely that a sequential scan will be used over an index scan indicating that your server has very fast disks.</li>
</ul>
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		<title>SVN Tips</title>
		<link>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/svn-tips/</link>
		<comments>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/svn-tips/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Sep 2011 06:26:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>gopalsinghal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/svn-tips/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[How can I make svn diff show me just the names of the changed files, not their contents? svn diff doesn&#8217;t have an option to do this, but If you only are interested in the diffs between, say, revision 10 and the revision just before it, svn log -vq -r10 does exactly what you want; [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=gopalsinghal.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10897619&amp;post=80&amp;subd=gopalsinghal&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>How can I make svn diff show me just the names of the changed files, not their contents?</strong></p>
<p>svn diff doesn&#8217;t have an option to do this, but</p>
<ul>
<li>If you only are interested in the diffs between, say, revision 10 and the revision just before it,</li>
</ul>
<p>svn log -vq -r10</p>
<p>does exactly what you want;</p>
<ul>
<li>otherwise, if you&#8217;re using Unix, this works for any range of revisions:</li>
</ul>
<p>svn log -vq -r123:456 | egrep &#8216;^ {3}[ADMR] &#8216; | cut -c6- | sort | uniq</p>
<p><strong>How can I use wildcards or globbing to move many files at once?</strong></p>
<p>You want to do something like</p>
<pre>svn mv svn://server/trunk/stuff/* svn://server/trunk/some-other-dir</pre>
<p> but it fails with</p>
<pre>svn: Path 'svn://server/trunk/stuff/*' does not exist in revision 123</pre>
<p> &#8230; or some other inscrutable error message.</p>
<p>Subversion doesn&#8217;t expand wildcards like &quot;*&quot; in URL arguments. (Technically speaking, Subversion does not expand wildcards in local paths either, but on most operating systems the shell expands wildcards in local paths in the command line before passing the resulting list to Subversion.)</p>
<p>You have to generate the list of source URLs yourself. You could do it like this (in Bash):</p>
<pre> s=svn://server/trunk/stuff</pre>
<pre> items=$(svn ls &quot;$s&quot;)</pre>
<pre> urls=$(for item in $items; do echo $s/$item; done)</pre>
<pre> svn mv $urls svn://server/trunk/some-other-dir -m &quot;Moved all at once&quot;</pre>
<p> In any case, you can always accumulate a list of the names of the source files, and then run &quot;svn mv&quot; on each item in that list, like this:</p>
<pre> s=svn://server/trunk/stuff</pre>
<pre> svn ls &quot;$s&quot; | \</pre>
<pre> while read f</pre>
<pre> do svn mv &quot;$s/$f&quot; svn://server/trunk/some-other-dir -m &quot;Moved just one file&quot;</pre>
<pre> done</pre>
<p> Note, however, that this will generate one commit per source file; that&#8217;s in contrast to the above method (using a working copy) which generates just one commit total.</p>
<p><strong>How do I deal with spaces in the editor path? Also, how can I define command line options for the editor?</strong></p>
<p>The Subversion command line client will invoke the editor defined in the environment variable SVN_EDITOR. This environment variable is passed directly to the operating system along with the name of a temporary file used to enter/edit the log message.</p>
<p>Due to the fact that the SVN_EDITOR string is passed as-is to the system&#8217;s command shell, spaces in the editor name, or in the path name to the editor, will not work unless the editor name is in quotes.</p>
<p>For example, on Windows if your editor is in <code>C:\Program Files\Posix Tools\bin\vi</code> you would want to set the variable as follows:</p>
<pre> set SVN_EDITOR=&quot;C:\Program Files\Posix Tools\bin\vi&quot;</pre>
<p> Note that there is no need to escape the quotes in the Windows shell as they are not part of the syntax for the <code>set</code> command.</p>
<p>On UNIX systems you would need to follow your shell&#8217;s specific methods for setting the variable. For example, in a bash shell, the following should work:</p>
<pre> SVN_EDITOR='&quot;/usr/local/more editors/bin/xemacs&quot;'</pre>
<pre> export SVN_EDITOR</pre>
<p> In case a command line option would be needed for the invocation of the editor, just add that after the editor name in the SVN_EDITOR environment variable just like you would us on the command line. For example, if the options <code>-nx -r</code> would be wanted for the above editors, the following will provide those options:</p>
<p>For Windows:</p>
<pre> set SVN_EDITOR=&quot;C:\Program Files\Posix Tools\bin\vi&quot; -nx -r</pre>
<p> For UNIX/bash:</p>
<pre> SVN_EDITOR='&quot;/usr/local/more editors/bin/xemacs&quot; -nx -r'</pre>
<pre> export SVN_EDITOR</pre>
<p> Note that SVN_EDITOR is the Subversion specific environment variable setting for the editor selection. Subversion also supports using the more generic EDITOR variable but if you need special behaviors with Subversion it is best to use the SVN_EDITOR variable.</p>
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		<title>Useful UNIX Tips and Tricks</title>
		<link>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/useful-unix-tips-and-tricks/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Sep 2011 05:39:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>gopalsinghal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[UNIX]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Here are a few pieces of Unix wisdom, I picked up during my 10 years of experience&#8230; You&#8217;ve done something that has completely screwed up your terminal. Everything you type is either invisible or incomprehensible. Try the following: $ ^C $ stty sane^J If this doesn&#8217;t work, try: $ echo ^V^O To determine what program [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=gopalsinghal.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10897619&amp;post=66&amp;subd=gopalsinghal&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here are a few pieces of Unix wisdom, I picked up during my 10 years of experience&#8230;</p>
<p>You&#8217;ve done something that has completely screwed up your terminal. Everything you type is either invisible or incomprehensible. Try the following:</p>
<p>$ ^C</p>
<p>$ stty sane^J</p>
<p>If this doesn&#8217;t work, try:</p>
<p>$ echo ^V^O</p>
<p>To determine what program dumped an anonymous core file, use gdb:</p>
<p>$ gdb -core core</p>
<p>Core was generated by `a.out&#8217;.</p>
<p>If you are on a system without gdb, try the file command:</p>
<p>$ file core</p>
<p>core: ELF 32-bit LSB core file of &#8216;a.out&#8217; (signal 6)</p>
<p>Some keyboard shortcuts for editing</p>
<p>There are some pretty useful keyboard shortcuts for editing in bash. They might appear familiar to Emacs users:</p>
<p>Ctrl + a =&gt; Return to the start of the command you&#8217;re typing</p>
<p>Ctrl + e =&gt; Go to the end of the command you&#8217;re typing</p>
<p>Ctrl + u =&gt; Cut everything before the cursor to a special clipboard</p>
<p>Ctrl + k =&gt; Cut everything after the cursor to a special clipboard</p>
<p>Ctrl + y =&gt; Paste from the special clipboard that Ctrl + u and Ctrl + k save their data to</p>
<p>Ctrl + t =&gt; Swap the two characters before the cursor (you can actually use this to transport a character from the left to the right, try it!)</p>
<p>Ctrl + w =&gt; Delete the word / argument left of the cursor</p>
<p>Ctrl + l =&gt; Clear the screen</p>
<p>To create a vi macro that will wrap the current paragraph to a reasonable number of characters, add the following to your .exrc or .vimrc file:</p>
<p>map Q {!} fmt -c -u^M</p>
<p>Now, when you press &#8216;Q&#8217; in visual mode, the current paragraph will be wrapped to approximately 70 characters.</p>
<p>When recursive copying, cp (cp -Rip, etc.) may not be the best tool for the job. For example, cp copies hard links as separate files, which is probably not what you want. To get a true copy of a directory, try:</p>
<p>$ tar cf &#8211; &lt;dir&gt; | (cd &lt;destdir&gt;; tar xf -)</p>
<p>This will create an exact copy of &#8216;dir&#8217; in &#8216;destdir&#8217;. The same principle can be used to create a recursive copy on a remote machine:</p>
<p>$ tar cf &#8211; &lt;dir&gt; | ssh remotehost &#8220;(cd &lt;destdir&gt;; tar xf -)&#8221;</p>
<p>To list the files in another directory that match more than one pattern, it is easiest to do:</p>
<p>$ ls -l /usr/local/foo/{*.conf,*.local,*.rc}</p>
<p>which is equivalent to:</p>
<p>$ ls -l /usr/local/foo/*.conf /usr/local/foo/*.local /usr/local/foo/*.rc</p>
<p>This syntax is supported by (at least) bash, ksh, csh and sh.</p>
<p>You can extend this idea to make renaming files in another directory, for example, a little easier:</p>
<p>$ mv -i /usr/local/foo/bar/baz/{stuff,stuff~}</p>
<p>A little insurance against running &#8216;rm -rf *&#8217; in the wrong directory &#8212; create an empty file called -i in any critical directory:</p>
<p>$ &gt;-i</p>
<p>or&#8230;</p>
<p>$ touch &#8212; -i</p>
<p>If the &#8216;rm -rf *&#8217; command is issued in that directory, the shell will expand the &#8216;-i&#8217; early on and go into interactive mode, thus giving you a chance to say &#8216;Whoa, that was close!&#8217;, which always sounds better than &#8216;Oh fsck!&#8217;.</p>
<p>This tip works because the -i option to rm will override any previous -f.</p>
<p>Be forewarned that this tip only protects against &#8216;rm -fr *&#8217;, i.e., files and directories in the current directory.</p>
<p>To remove the -i file (or any other file beginning with &#8216;-&#8217;):</p>
<p>$ rm ./-i</p>
<p>or&#8230;</p>
<p>$ rm &#8212; -i</p>
<p>To return to the previous directory in ksh or bash, use:</p>
<p>$ cd -</p>
<p>To use the last argument of the previous command line as an argument, use $_. For example:</p>
<p>$ ls -l /usr/home/dmr/somefile</p>
<p>$ vi $_</p>
<p>To make the up and down arrow keys work and thereby enable command line editing and recall in ksh, include the following lines in your ~/.profile:</p>
<p>set -o emacs</p>
<p>alias __A=&#8217;^P&#8217;</p>
<p>alias __D=&#8217;^B&#8217;</p>
<p>alias __B=&#8217;^N&#8217;</p>
<p>alias __C=&#8217;^F&#8217;</p>
<p>alias __H=&#8217;^A&#8217;</p>
<p>You need to enter the actual control characters ^P, ^B, etc.</p>
<p>You can kill any process with &#8216;kill -9&#8242; as root, right? Not necessarily. It&#8217;s quite easy to write a process that cannot be terminated, even with &#8216;kill -9&#8242;.</p>
<p>This was a hard-learned lesson that will only be given out via email request, if at all.</p>
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		<title>Email etiquette for official mails</title>
		<link>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/email-etiquette-for-official-mails/</link>
		<comments>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/email-etiquette-for-official-mails/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Sep 2011 05:21:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>gopalsinghal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Communication Skills]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Email Etiquette]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[The below mentioned points should be considered while putting official mails. Here are some points on Email Etiquettes that will definitely help. 1) The font of mail should be Verdana and font size should be 9.5 or 10. 2) The mail should have a Pyramid Structure i.e. it should contain: * Situation: What&#8217;s the current [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=gopalsinghal.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10897619&amp;post=65&amp;subd=gopalsinghal&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The below mentioned points should be considered while putting official mails. Here are some points on Email Etiquettes that will definitely help.</p>
<p>1) The font of mail should be Verdana and font size should be 9.5 or 10.</p>
<p>2) The mail should have a Pyramid Structure i.e. it should contain:</p>
<p><strong>* Situation: What&#8217;s the current situation is </strong><br />
<strong>* Action items: What you expect from the reader of the mail to-do </strong><br />
<strong>* Information: The information you want to give to the reader </strong><br />
<strong>* Conclusion: Conclude with a Thank You. </strong></p>
<p>3) For writing use only Black or Blue color. For highlighting purpose make the word bold. Avoid using Red color as Red signifies danger, so use it when urgent.</p>
<p>4) For greetings in mail:</p>
<p><strong>* For Americans: use Hi </strong><br />
<strong>* For Europeans: use Hello </strong><br />
<strong>* For Asians: use Dear </strong></p>
<p>To be more formal we could use Dear Mr. /Ms. followed by Last name or Full name. We should not use Dear Mr. /Ms. followed by First name alone.</p>
<p>5) We should not put &#8216;/&#8217; in greetings like Hi X/Y. Instead we should say Hi X and Y.</p>
<p>6) We should not use &#8216;Thanks and Regards&#8217;. Instead we should say:</p>
<p><strong>Thank you </strong><br />
<strong>Regards </strong></p>
<p>7) For requesting something we should not use can, instead we should use could.<br />
 <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_cool.gif' alt='8)' class='wp-smiley' /> We should not write &#8216;Please find the attached file&#8217; because the reader does not have to find or search for the file in the mail it&#8217;s already there. So instead we should write &#8216;The file has been attached for your reference&#8217;.</p>
<p>9) We should not use sentences like &#8216;As per your mail&#8217; because &#8216;per&#8217; is used only with units like per Kg etc. Instead we should write <strong>&#8216;According to your mail&#8217;. </strong></p>
<p>10) We should use parallel structure. Parallelism enables readers to read documents more efficiently. For e.g. The analysis will include planning, organizing, dividing and assessment<br />
(Instead assessment we should write Assessing) of turnaround functions.</p>
<p>11) In our mails we often write &#8216;Please revert back&#8217;. Instead we should only write <strong>&#8216;Please revert&#8217;. </strong></p>
<p>12) For the Signature in mail, if we are sending to people in our company only then we should not write our company name in the signature because they already know that we are part of the same company but if we are sending mail to an external party like client etc then we should write our company name in the signature because there we have to brand our company name in front of others.</p>
<p>Dealing with any clients in services is an art. In the case of IT, we primarily deal with American clients. It is useful to know how the English language works with them. Some of us mayhesitate to speak to the client.Beacuse we are not confident. When we practice the following tips, we can boost our confidence.</p>
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		<title>Interactions with American clients &#8211; Useful tips</title>
		<link>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/interactions-with-american-clients-useful-tips/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Sep 2011 05:20:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>gopalsinghal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Communication Skills]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/interactions-with-american-clients-useful-tips/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[1. Do not write &#34;the same&#34; in an email &#8211; it makes little sense to them. Example &#8211; I will try to organize the project artifacts and inform you of the same when it is done This is somewhat an Indian construct. It is better written simply as: I will try to organize the project [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=gopalsinghal.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10897619&amp;post=64&amp;subd=gopalsinghal&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>1. Do not write &quot;the same&quot; in an email &#8211; it makes little sense to them.<br />
Example &#8211; I will try to organize the project artifacts and inform you of the same when it is done</p>
<p>This is somewhat an Indian construct. It is better written simply as:<br />
I will try to organize the project artifacts and inform you when that is done</p>
<p>2. Do not write or say, &quot;I have some doubts on this issue&quot;<br />
The term &quot;Doubt&quot; is used in the sense of doubting someone &#8211; we use this term because in Indian languages (such as Tamil), the word for a &quot;doubt&quot; and a &quot;question&quot; is the same.<br />
The correct usage (for clients) is:<br />
I have a few questions on this issue</p>
<p>3. The term &quot;regard&quot; is not used much in American English. They usually do not say &quot;regarding this issue&quot; or &quot;with regard to this&quot;.<br />
Simply use, &quot;about this issue&quot;.</p>
<p>4. Do not say &quot;Pardon&quot; when you want someone to repeat what they said. The word &quot;Pardon&quot; is unusual for them and is somewhat formal.</p>
<p>5. Americans do not understand most of the Indian accent immediately &#8211; They only understand 75% of what we speak and then interpret the rest. Therefore try not to use shortcut terms such as <strong>&quot;Can&#8217;t&quot; </strong>or <strong>&quot;Don&#8217;t&quot;. </strong>Use the expanded <strong>&quot;Cannot&quot; </strong>or <strong>&quot;Do not&quot;. </strong></p>
<p>6. Do not use the term &quot;screwed up&quot; liberally. If a situation is not good, it is better to say, &quot;The situation is messed up&quot;. Do not use words such as &quot;shucks&quot;, or &quot;pissed off&quot;.</p>
<p>7. As a general matter of form, Indians interrupt each other constantly in meetings &#8211; DO NOT interrupt a client when they are speaking. Over the phone, there could be delays &#8211; but wait for a short time before responding.</p>
<p>8. When explaining some complex issue, stop occasionally and ask &quot;Does that make sense?&quot;. This is preferrable than &quot;Do you understand me?&quot;</p>
<p>9. In email communications, use proper punctuation. To explain something, without breaking your flow, use semicolons, hyphens or paranthesis.<br />
As an example:<br />
You have entered a new bug (the popup not showing up) in the defect tracking system; we could not reproduce it &#8211; although, a screenshot would help.</p>
<p>Notice that a reference to the actual bug is added in paranthesis so that the sentence flow is not broken. Break a long sentence using such punctuation.</p>
<p>10. In American English, a mail is a posted letter. An email is electronic mail. When you say<br />
&quot;I mailed the information to you&quot; , it means you sent an actual letter or package through the postal system.</p>
<p>The correct usage is:<br />
&quot;I emailed the information to you&quot;</p>
<p>11. To &quot;prepone&quot; an appointment is an Indian usage. There is no actual word called prepone. You can &quot;advance&quot; an appointment.</p>
<p>12. In the term &quot;N-tier Architecture&quot; or &quot;3-tier Architecture&quot; , the word &quot;tier&quot; is NOT pronounced as &quot;Tire&quot;. I have seen many people pronounce it this way. The correct pronunciation is &quot;tea-yar&quot;. The &quot;ti&quot; is pronounced as &quot;tea&quot;.</p>
<p>13. The usages &quot;September End&quot;, &quot;Month End&quot;, &quot;Day End&quot; are not understood well by Americans. They use these as &quot;End of September&quot;, &quot;End of Month&quot; or &quot;End of Day&quot;.</p>
<p>14. Americans have weird conventions for time &#8211; when they say the time is &quot;Quarter Of One&quot;, they mean the time is 1:15. Better to ask them the exact time.</p>
<p>15. Indians commonly use the terms &quot;Today Evening&quot;, &quot;Today Night&quot;. These are not correct; &quot;Today&quot; means &quot;This Day&quot; where the Day stands for Daytime. Therefore &quot;Today Night&quot; is confusing. The correct usages are: &quot;This Evening&quot;, &quot;Tonight&quot;.</p>
<p>That applies for &quot;Yesterday Night&quot; and &quot;Yesterday Evening&quot;. The correct usages are: &quot;Last Night&quot; and &quot;Last Evening&quot;.</p>
<p>16. When Americans want to know the time, it is usual for them to say, &quot;Do you have the time?&quot;. Which makes no sense to an indian.</p>
<p>17. There is no word called &quot;Updation&quot;. You update somebody. You wait for updates to happen to the database. Avoid saying &quot;Updation&quot;.</p>
<p>18. When you talk with someone for the first time, refer to them as they refer to you &#8211; in America, the first conversation usually starts by using the first name. Therefore you can use the first name of a client. Do not say &quot;Sir&quot;. Do not call women &quot;Madam&quot;.</p>
<p>19. It is usual convention in initial emails (particularly technical) to expand abbreviations, this way: We are planning to use the Java API For Registry (JAXR).</p>
<p>After mentioning the expanded form once, subsequently you can use the abbreviation.</p>
<p>20. Make sure you always have a subject in your emails and that the subject is relevant. Do not use a subject line such as HI .</p>
<p>21.Avoid using &quot;Back&quot; instead of &quot;Back&quot; Use &quot;ago&quot;.Back is the worst word for American.(for Days use &quot;Ago&quot;,For hours use &quot;before&quot;)</p>
<p>22.Avoid using &quot;but&quot; instead of &quot;But&quot; Use &quot;However&quot;.</p>
<p>23. Avoid using &quot;Yesterday&quot; hereafter use &quot;Last day&quot;.</p>
<p>24. Avoid using &quot;Tomorrow&quot; hereafter use &quot;Next day&quot;.</p>
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		<title>20 tips for more efficient google search</title>
		<link>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/20-tips-for-more-efficient-google-search/</link>
		<comments>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/20-tips-for-more-efficient-google-search/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Sep 2011 05:18:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>gopalsinghal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[tips and tricks]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/20-tips-for-more-efficient-google-search/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[For millions of people, Google is an indispensable search tool that they use every day, in all facets of their lives. From work or school, research, to looking up movies and celebrities to news and gossip, Google is the go-to search engine. But instead of just typing in a phrase and wading through page after [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=gopalsinghal.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10897619&amp;post=63&amp;subd=gopalsinghal&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For millions of people, Google is an indispensable search tool that they use every day, in all facets of their lives. From work or school, research, to looking up movies and celebrities to news and gossip, Google is the go-to search engine. But instead of just typing in a phrase and wading through page after page of results, there are a number of ways to make your searches more efficient.</p>
<p>Some of these are obvious ones, that you probably know about. But others are lesser-known, and others are known but not often used. Use this guide to learn more about, or be reminded of, some of the best ways to get exactly what you’re looking for, and quickly. If you have some more tips on the same, please take some time to share here by dropping a comment.</p>
<p><strong>1. Either/or.</strong><br />
Google normally searches for pages that contain all the words you type in the search box, but if you want pages that have one term or another (or both), use the OR operator — or use the “|” symbol (pipe symbol) to save you a keystroke. [dumb | little | man]</p>
<p><strong>2. Quotes.</strong><br />
If you want to search for an exact phrase, use quotes. [&quot;dumb little man&quot;] will only find that exact phrase. [dumb &quot;little man&quot;] will find pages that contain the word dumb and the exact phrase “little man”.</p>
<p><strong>3. Not.</strong><br />
If you don’t want a term or phrase, use the “-” symbol. [-dumb little man] will return pages that contain “little” and “man” but that don’t contain “dumb”.</p>
<p><strong>4. Similar terms. </strong><br />
Use the “~” symbol to return similar terms. [~dumb little man -dumb] will get you pages that contain “funny little man” and “stupid little man” but not “dumb little man”.</p>
<p><strong>5. Wildcard.</strong><br />
The “*” symbol is a wildcard. This is useful if you’re trying to find the lyrics to a song, but can’t remember the exact lyrics. [can't * me love lyrics] will return the Beatles song you’re looking for. It’s also useful for finding stuff only in certain domains, such as educational information: [&quot;dumb little man&quot; research *.edu].</p>
<p><strong>6. Advanced search.</strong><br />
If you can’t remember any of these operators, you can always use Google’s advanced search.</p>
<p><strong>7. Definitions. </strong><br />
Use the “define:” operator to get a quick definition. [define:dumb] will give you a whole host of definitions from different sources, with links.</p>
<p><strong>8. Calculator.</strong><br />
One of the handiest uses of Google, type in a quick calculation in the search box and get an answer. It’s faster than calling up your computer’s calculator in most cases. Use the +, -, *, / symbols and parentheses to do a simple equation.</p>
<p><strong>9. Numrange.</strong><br />
This little-known feature searches for a range of numbers. For example, [&quot;best books 2002..2007] will return lists of best books for each of the years from 2002 to 2007 (note the two periods between the two numbers).</p>
<p><strong>10. Site-specific.</strong><br />
Use the “site:” operator to search only within a certain website. [site: dumblittleman.com leo] will search for the term “leo” only within this blog.</p>
<p><strong>11. Backlinks.</strong><br />
The “link:” operator will find pages that link to a specific URL. You can use this not only for a main URL but even to a specific page. Not all links to an URL are listed, however.</p>
<p><strong>12. Vertical search. </strong><br />
Instead of searching for a term across all pages on the web, search within a specialized field. Google has a number of specific searches, allowing you to search within blogs, news, books, and much more:</p>
<p>&middot; Blog Search<br />
&middot; Book Search<br />
&middot; Scholar<br />
&middot; Catalogs<br />
&middot; Code Search<br />
&middot; Directory<br />
&middot; Finance<br />
&middot; Images<br />
&middot; Local/Maps<br />
&middot; News<br />
&middot; Patent Search<br />
&middot; Product Search<br />
&middot; Video</p>
<p><strong>13. Movies.</strong><br />
Use the “movie:” operator to search for a movie title along with either a zip code or U.S. city and state to get a list of movie theaters in the area and show times.</p>
<p><strong>14. Music.</strong><br />
The “music:” operator returns content related to music only.</p>
<p><strong>15. Unit converter.</strong><br />
Use Google for a quick conversion, from yards to meters for example, or different currency: [12 meters in yards]</p>
<p><strong>16. Types of numbers.</strong><br />
Google algorithms can recognize patterns in numbers you enter, so you can search for:<br />
* Telephone area codes<br />
* Vehicle ID number (US only)<br />
* Federal Communications Commission (FCC) equipment numbers (US only)<br />
* UPC codes<br />
* Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airplane registration number (US only)<br />
* Patent numbers (US only)<br />
* Even stock quotes (using the stock symbol) or a weather forecast regarding the next five days</p>
<p><strong>17. File types.</strong><br />
If you just want to search for .PDF files, or Word documents, or Excel spreadsheets, for example, use the “filetype:” operator.</p>
<p><strong>18. Location of term.</strong><br />
By default, Google searches for your term throughout a web page. But if you just want it to search certain locations, you can use operators such as “inurl:”, “intitle:”, “intext:”, and “inanchor:”. Those search for a term only within the URL, the title, the body text, and the anchor text (the text used to describe a link).</p>
<p><strong>19. Cached pages.</strong><br />
Looking for a version of a page the Google stores on its own servers? This can help with outdated or update pages.<br />
Use the “cached:” operator.</p>
<p><strong>20. Answer to life, the universe, and everything. </strong><br />
Search for that phrase, in lower case, and Google will give you the answer.</p>
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		<title>Useful websites</title>
		<link>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/useful-websites/</link>
		<comments>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/useful-websites/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Sep 2011 05:16:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>gopalsinghal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/?p=60</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Here is a small list of useful websites. I know that Internet is an Ocean of sites and I have missed out so so so many of them. So, if you feel like there is a site or a category as a whole which needs to be added to this list, plz drop a comment [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=gopalsinghal.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10897619&amp;post=60&amp;subd=gopalsinghal&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Here is a small list <img src="http://gopalsinghal.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/image001.gif?w=600" alt="" title="image001"   class="alignnone size-full wp-image-61" />of useful websites. I know that Internet is an Ocean of sites and I have missed out so so so many of them. So, if you feel like there is a site or a category as a whole which needs to be added to this list, plz drop a comment so as to make it more useful.</p>
<p>Note: Its a pretty long list. Use Ctrl+F to find the required category of sites <img src="http://gopalsinghal.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/image002.gif?w=600" alt="" title="image002"   class="alignnone size-full wp-image-62" /></p>
<p><strong>Animals:</strong><br />
www.allpets.com<br />
www.petchannel.com<br />
www.theoviary.com<br />
www.peta-online.org<br />
www.panda.org<br />
www.aquarium.org<br />
www.nj.com/yucky/worm<br />
www.remedia.com<br />
www.animalsunlimited.net<br />
www.indianwildlife.com<br />
www.sandiegozoo.com<br />
www.animal.discovery.com<br />
www.junglelore.com<br />
www.wildphotos.com<br />
www.cranes.org<br />
www.mahaforest.gov.in<br />
www.animalweb.com</p>
<p><strong>Art:</strong><br />
www.art.net<br />
www.art.com<br />
www.indiancanvas.com<br />
www.art-in-usa.com<br />
www.rossfineart.com<br />
www.dart.fine-art.com<br />
www.artcyclopedia.com<br />
www.wwar.com<br />
www.nga.gov<br />
www.arthorizons.com<br />
www.art-in-canada.com<br />
www.art-in-europe.com<br />
www.artcottage.com<br />
www.smfa.edu<br />
www.collectorsguide.com<br />
www.artinside.com<br />
www.aboutscotland.com</p>
<p><strong>Astrology:</strong><br />
www.astrology.com<br />
www.astroexpert.com<br />
www.astromantra.com<br />
www.astro-vision.com<br />
www.dailyprediction.com<br />
www.astrology-online.com<br />
www.astrosurfindia.com<br />
www.starlightastrology.com<br />
www.jagjituppal.com<br />
www.nostradamus.org<br />
www.lindagoodman.net<br />
www.zodiacal.com<br />
www.astrologyspot.com<br />
www.ancientweb.com<br />
www.spiritweb.org<br />
www.astrostar.com<br />
www.realastrology.com<br />
www.chineseastrology.com<br />
www.cyberastro.com<br />
www.astrology-india.com<br />
www.astrospeak.com<br />
www.starteller.com<br />
www.jyotish.com<br />
www.metawire.com<br />
www.jaked.org<br />
www.celestialwitch.com<br />
www.thenewage.com</p>
<p><strong>Auction:</strong><br />
www.bazaarno1.com<br />
www.baazee.com<br />
www.junction.com<br />
www.auctioners.com<br />
www.jthomas-india.com<br />
www.koolmaal.com<br />
www.terimeri.com<br />
www.trade2gain.com<br />
www.teaauction.com<br />
www.auctionindia.com<br />
www.secondsale.com<br />
www.matexnet.com<br />
www.yelam.com<br />
www.bidorbuy.com</p>
<p><strong>Automobiles:</strong><br />
www.automobiles.com<br />
www.classiccar.com<br />
www.autosite.com<br />
www.auto.com<br />
www.automartindia.com<br />
www.automeet.com<br />
www.driveindia.com<br />
www.bsmotoring.com<br />
www.autodarling.com<br />
www.vipclassics.com<br />
www.wwwheels.com<br />
www.carstreet.com<br />
www.carmasala.com<br />
www.cybersteering.com<br />
www.mercedes.com<br />
www.toyota.com<br />
www.mitsubishi.com<br />
www.india.ford.com<br />
www.daewooindia.com<br />
www.marutiudyog.com<br />
www.telcoindia.com<br />
www.generalmotors.com<br />
www.hindustanmotors.com<br />
www.mahindraworld.com<br />
www.carloansindia.com<br />
www.aaa.com<br />
www.pacificomazda.com</p>
<p><strong>Banking:</strong><br />
www.axisbank.com<br />
www.rbi.org.in.<br />
www.sbi.co.in<br />
www.bankofbaroda.com<br />
www.icicibank.com<br />
www.allahabadbank.com<br />
www.bank-of-maharashtra.com<br />
www.globaltrustbank.com<br />
www.hdfcbank.com<br />
www.idbibank.com<br />
www.indian-bank.com<br />
www.mysorebank.com<br />
www.pnbindia.com<br />
www.punjabandsindbank.com<br />
www.vijayabank.com<br />
www.ucobank.com<br />
www.syndicatebank.com<br />
www.statebankofindore.com<br />
www.standardchartered.com/in<br />
www.citibank.com/india<br />
www.corpbank.com<br />
www.denabank.com<br />
www.canbankindia.com<br />
www.boiind.com</p>
<p><strong>Books:</strong><br />
www.amazon.com<br />
www.merikitaab.com<br />
www.barnesandnoble.com<br />
www.mozzie.com<br />
www.idgbooks.com<br />
www.ingrambook.com<br />
www.ambook.org<br />
www.bookwire.com<br />
www.booktv.com<br />
www.bestbookbuys.com<br />
www.bigbook.com<br />
www.1stbooks.com<br />
www.borders.com<br />
www.bookbrowser.com<br />
www.bookweb.org<br />
www.abebook.com<br />
www.worldbooknetwork.com<br />
www.vintage-books.com<br />
www.bookstudio.com<br />
www.booktalk.com</p>
<p><strong>Chat:</strong><br />
www.icq.com<br />
www.netfandu.com<br />
www.mirc.com<br />
www.yahoo.com<br />
www.rediff.com<br />
www.coolchat.com<br />
www.talkcity.com<br />
www.chatting.com<br />
www.cybertown.com<br />
www.chatjunkies.com<br />
www.parentcity.com<br />
www.familybeat.com<br />
www.kidsurf.com<br />
www.womenwire.com<br />
www.mainstreetearth.com<br />
www.excite.com</p>
<p><strong>Comedy:</strong><br />
www.comedy.com<br />
www.comedycentral.com<br />
www.jokewallpaper.com<br />
www.theonion.com<br />
www.humorsearch.com<br />
www.funnies.com<br />
www.netfunny.com/rhf<br />
www.humorpower.com<br />
www.humorproject.com<br />
www.jokes.com<br />
www.lotsofjokes.com<br />
www.comedynet.com<br />
www.cybercheeze.com<br />
www.comedyorama.com<br />
www.cartoon.com<br />
www.humorspace.com<br />
www.humorandhealth.com<br />
www.jokeaday.com<br />
www.funny.co.uk<br />
www.makeyoulaugh.com<br />
www.planethumor.com<br />
www.comic-relief.com</p>
<p><strong>Contests:</strong><br />
www.hungama.com<br />
www.ticklewit.com<br />
www.contests2win.com<br />
www.lycosasia.com<br />
www.contestguide.com<br />
www.2000photocontests.com<br />
www.supercontest.com<br />
www.huronline.com<br />
www.beaniemania.com<br />
www.contestworld.com<br />
www.bluestreakcontest.com<br />
www.artcontest.com<br />
www.indiainfoline.com<br />
www.computerdrawing.com<br />
www.sweepstakesonline.com<br />
www.guests.com<br />
www.poetrytodayonline.com<br />
www.imca.com<br />
www.bbbonline.com<br />
www.funnypages.com<br />
www.dreamscape.com</p>
<p><strong>Cricket:</strong><br />
www.total-cricket.com<br />
www.cricinfo.com<br />
www.cricket.org<br />
www.go4cricket.com<br />
www.khel.com<br />
www.cricket.org<br />
www.cricketnyou.com<br />
www.clickcricket.com<br />
www.thatscricket.com<br />
www.magiccricket.com<br />
www.cricketline.com<br />
www.yehhaicricket.com<br />
www.cricketnext.com</p>
<p><strong>Decorations:</strong><br />
www.orientarts.com<br />
www.creepypeepers.com<br />
www.decor.a2z-holidays.com<br />
www.indodecor.com<br />
www.dir-dd.com<br />
www.alliving.com<br />
www.decoegypt.com<br />
www.gospurk.com<br />
www.topbrillant.com<br />
www.decoratingstudio.com<br />
www.homeartdecor.com<br />
www.interiorworld.com</p>
<p><strong>Domain Registration:</strong><br />
www.networksolutions.com<br />
www.signdomains.com<br />
www.domainthugs.com<br />
www.enamaskar.com<br />
www.123domainregistry.com<br />
www.webdomains.net<br />
www.surfport.com<br />
www.virtualdomains.net<br />
wwww.netwizards.net</p>
<p><strong>E-Barter:</strong><br />
www.spun.com<br />
www.tradeaway.com<br />
www.bartertrust.com<br />
www.ubarter.com<br />
www.switchouse.com</p>
<p><strong>E-Greetings:</strong><br />
www.123greetings.com<br />
www.3greetings.com<br />
www.greetings.jagran.com<br />
www.clubgreetings.com<br />
www.archiesonline.com<br />
www.hallmark.com<br />
www.cardbymail.com<br />
www.dgreetings.com<br />
www.bluemountain.com<br />
www.castlemountain.com<br />
www.bharathgreetings.com</p>
<p><strong>Education:</strong><br />
www.egurucool.com<br />
www.schoolcircle.com<br />
www.netvarsity.com<br />
www.onlinevarsity.com<br />
www.shiksha.com<br />
www.buckleyourshoe.com<br />
www.freeskills.com<br />
www.smartforce.com/smb<br />
www.examsonline.com<br />
www.competitionmaster.com<br />
www.mastertutor.com<br />
www.zeelearn.com<br />
www.netprotraining.com<br />
www.careerlauncher.com<br />
www.classteacher.com<br />
www.gurukulonline.com<br />
www.iln.net<br />
www.esaras.com<br />
www.lycoszone.com<br />
www.pinkmonkey.com<br />
www.schoolsofcalcutta.com<br />
www.entranceguru.com<br />
www.pentafour.com<br />
www.Qsupport.com<br />
www.intelsyseducation.com<br />
www.niit.com<br />
www.aptech.com<br />
www.institute.net<br />
www.indiaedu.com<br />
www.educationbangalore.com<br />
www.upsc.gov.in<br />
www.ed.gov<br />
www.educationworld.com<br />
www.nativechild.com<br />
www.educationtimes.com<br />
www.chemketaonline.com<br />
www.getsmartonline.com<br />
www.fastboot.scom<br />
www.batchmates.com<br />
www.fluentzy.com<br />
www.15-21.com<br />
www.teenfunda.com<br />
www.sparkinglearning.com<br />
www.zipahead.com<br />
www.wiltiky.com<br />
www.bostonci.com<br />
www.sophiaopp.org<br />
www.mindzones.com<br />
www.kaplancollege.com<br />
www.tutor4computer.com<br />
www.talentduniya.com<br />
www.worlduonline.com<br />
www.englishpractice.com<br />
www.barkeley.edu<br />
www.utexas.edu<br />
www.mit.edu<br />
www.umich.edu<br />
www.uiuc.edu<br />
www.upenn.edu<br />
www.wisc.edu<br />
www.harvard.edu<br />
www.cornell.edu<br />
www.unc.edu<br />
www.education-world.com<br />
www.novell.com<br />
www.gnacademy.org<br />
www.shawguides.com<br />
www.ias.org<br />
www.apple.com<br />
www.classroom.net<br />
www.allindia.com<br />
www.funbrain.com<br />
www.petersons.com<br />
www.educationplanet.com<br />
www.discoveryschool.com<br />
www.eduplace.com.com<br />
www.free-ed.net</p>
<p><strong>Encyclopedia:</strong><br />
www.encyclopedia.com<br />
www.encarta.msn.com<br />
www.britannica.com<br />
www.ntreasearch.com<br />
www.go.grolier.com<br />
www.kids.infoplease.com<br />
www.letsfindout.com<br />
www.stars.com<br />
www.boatshowusa.com<br />
www.encyclozine.com<br />
www.libraryspot.com<br />
www.shotokai.cl<br />
www.emulateme.com<br />
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page</p>
<p><strong>Films/Movies:</strong><br />
www.film..com<br />
www.filmscouts.com<br />
www.imdb.com<br />
www.777film.com<br />
www.reel.com<br />
www.hollywood.com<br />
www.bollywood.com<br />
www.filmtvindia.com<br />
www.bollywoodonline.com<br />
www.bollywoodpremiere.com<br />
www.indiamoviebiz.com<br />
www.cinesouth.com<br />
www.indiatalkies.com<br />
www.qcinema.com<br />
www.actress-actor.com</p>
<p><strong>Finance:</strong><br />
www.finsights.com<br />
www.walletwatch.com<br />
www.moneycontrol.com<br />
www.myiris.com<br />
www.stockmarkit.com<br />
www.economywatch.com<br />
www.equitymaster.com<br />
www.indiainfoline.com<br />
www.sharebazaar.com<br />
www.kotakstreet.com<br />
www.5paisa.com<br />
www.indiabulls.com<br />
www.dhan.com<br />
www.starmarkettips.com<br />
www.paisapower.com<br />
www.nyse.com<br />
www.nasdaq.com<br />
www.nse-india.com<br />
www.sebi.com<br />
www.khel.com<br />
www.pcquote.com<br />
www.stockmaster.com<br />
www.xe.net/currency<br />
www.motilaloswal.com<br />
www.mutualfundsindia.com<br />
www.rrfinance.com<br />
www.sharekhan.com<br />
www.rupeesaver.com<br />
www.ingsavingtrust.com<br />
www.icicidirect.com<br />
www.unittrustofindia.com<br />
www.licmutual.com<br />
www.bajajcapital.com<br />
www.kotakmahindra.com<br />
www.ebizbirlaglobal.com<br />
www.creditcapitalamc.com</p>
<p><strong>Fitness:</strong><br />
www.fitnesslink.com<br />
www.fitnessonline.com<br />
www.netsweat.com<br />
www.muscle-fitness.com<br />
www.fitnesszone.com<br />
www.fitness.com<br />
www.cyberfitness.net<br />
www.walkabyebaby.com<br />
www.24hourfitness.com<br />
www.fitnessmagazine.com<br />
www.abc2day.com<br />
www.bennygoodsport.com<br />
www.modelfitness.com<br />
www.atozfitness.com<br />
www.shapeup.org<br />
www.fitnessworld.com<br />
www.resort2fitness.com</p>
<p><strong>Furniture:</strong><br />
www.furniture.com<br />
www.furnitureonline.com<br />
www.goodhome.com<br />
www.drawrn.com/furn.htm<br />
www.furniturefind.com<br />
www.go-furniture.com<br />
www.bluetomatoes.com<br />
www.jori.com<br />
www.furnitureguys.com<br />
www.thomasville.com<br />
www.chinese-furniture.com<br />
www.furnitureshoppers.com<br />
www.willowcreekfurniture.com<br />
www.worlddesigncenter.com</p>
<p><strong>Games:</strong><br />
www.abc.go.com<br />
www.psygnosis.com<br />
www.hasbrointeractive.com<br />
www.mindspace.com<br />
www.nazaragames.com<br />
www.microsoft.com/games<br />
www.shockblitz.com<br />
www.simthemepark.com<br />
www.gamesdomain.com<br />
www.indiagames.com<br />
www.gamesville.com<br />
www.lycoszone.com<br />
www.leftfoot.com<br />
www.usacoop.com<br />
www.funbrain.com<br />
www.blakkat.com<br />
www.moonme.com<br />
www.nintendo.com<br />
www.gungames.com<br />
www.gamepen.com<br />
www.huronline.com<br />
www.gamesdomain.com<br />
www.komando.com<br />
www.mortalcombat.com<br />
www.aylic.com<br />
www.leftfoot.com<br />
www.gamebot.com<br />
www.happypuppy.com<br />
www.station.sony.com<br />
www.paget.com<br />
www.avana.net<br />
www.riddler.com<br />
www.phrazzle.co.uk<br />
www.gamesdepot.com<br />
www.amo.qc.ca<br />
www.free-gaming.com<br />
www.arcadegamesonline.com<br />
www.plusmedia.com<br />
www.bytesize.com<br />
www.piginc.org<br />
www.nuclearnet.com<br />
www.diablopro.com</p>
<p><strong>Health:</strong><br />
www.apollolife.com<br />
www.pharmabiz.com<br />
www.onhealth.com<br />
www.goodhealthnyou.com<br />
www.alibaba.com<br />
www.healthfinder.com<br />
www.healthyideas.com<br />
www.health-library.com<br />
www.health2health.com<br />
www.arogya.com<br />
www.calcuttamedics.com<br />
www.doctoranywhere.com<br />
www.healthcarenyou.com<br />
www.emedlife.com<br />
www.bloodgivers.com<br />
www.goodhealthdirectory.com<br />
www.healthatoz.com<br />
www.caducee.net<br />
www.indegene.com<br />
www.fem40plus.com<br />
www.endocrineindia.com<br />
www.embarrassingproblems.com<br />
www.who.org<br />
www.indmedica.com<br />
www.ehirc.com<br />
www.acupuncture.com<br />
www.acupressure.org<br />
www.apollohospitals.com<br />
www.ayurvedic.org<br />
www.cancer.org<br />
www.doctorsofindia.com<br />
www.doctorsaab.com<br />
www.healingpeople.com<br />
www.homeopathyhome.com<br />
www.webmd.com<br />
www.gynonline.com<br />
www.mayohealth.com<br />
www.yourhealth.com<br />
www.indiaherbs.com</p>
<p><strong>History:</strong><br />
www.historychannel.com<br />
www.thehistorynet.com<br />
www.history.com<br />
www.historyhouse.com<br />
www.historyinternational.com<br />
www.historyplace.com<br />
www.historyoftheworld.com<br />
www.hyperhistory.com<br />
www.womeninworldhistory.com</p>
<p><strong>Hobbies:</strong><br />
www.coinuniverse.com<br />
www.stampworld.com<br />
www.juggling.com<br />
www.hobbyworld.com<br />
www.hobbies.net<br />
www.ehobbies.com<br />
www.creative-hobbies.com<br />
www.caboosehobbies.com<br />
www.guineahobbies.com<br />
www.hobbystores.com<br />
www.sabersedge.com<br />
www.hobbyhobby.com<br />
www.towerhobbies.com</p>
<p><strong>Jewellery:</strong><br />
www.enchantejewellery.com<br />
www.la.premiere.com<br />
www.indianjewellery.net<br />
www.jewellery-net-asia.com<br />
www.asfour-crystal.com<br />
www.24carat.co.uk<br />
www.tiffany.com<br />
www.pearlglass.com<br />
www.damesjewel.com<br />
www.jewellery-direct.com<br />
www.jewellerystore.com<br />
www.jewellerywarehouse.co.uk<br />
www.jemsandjewels.com<br />
www.18carat.co.uk<br />
www.mehtajewellery.com<br />
www.adiamondsforever.com<br />
www.gold-jewelry.co.uk<br />
www.jewelleryshow.com</p>
<p><strong>Jobs:</strong><br />
www.naukri.com<br />
www.3p-lobsearch.com<br />
www.career1000.com<br />
www.careerindia.com<br />
www.employindia.com<br />
www.indianjobs.com<br />
www.placementindia.com<br />
www.placementpoint.com<br />
www.timesjobsandcareers.com<br />
www.winjobs.com<br />
www.redforwomen.com<br />
www.go4careers.com<br />
www.indiaventures.com<br />
www.indiagateway.com<br />
www.jobsahead.com<br />
www.alltimejobs.com<br />
www.careerage.com<br />
www.headhunters.net<br />
www.monster.com<br />
www.careers.org<br />
www.eresumes.com<br />
www.careerxroads.com<br />
www.nationjob.com<br />
www.jobweb.com<br />
www.aidnjobs.com<br />
www.careerforyou.com<br />
www.careergun.com<br />
www.go4careers.com<br />
www.lobs.itspace.com<br />
www.joboptions.com<br />
www.careermosaic.com<br />
www.jobconnection.com<br />
www.bestjobsusa.com<br />
www.careerpath.com<br />
www.americasemployers.com<br />
www.job-interview.net<br />
www.geojobs.bizland.com<br />
www.job-hunt.org<br />
www.e-netindia.com<br />
www.mykeystone.com<br />
www.gutterspace.com<br />
www.netguide.com<br />
www.tamilnadustate.com<br />
www.cweb.com<br />
www.espan.com<br />
www.jobcurry.com<br />
www.skillsandjobs.com<br />
www.cioljobs.com<br />
www.lampen.co.nz</p>
<p><strong>Kids:</strong><br />
www.cyberkids.com<br />
www.kidlink.org<br />
www.kidsworld.com<br />
www.vsa.cape.com/powens<br />
www.headbone.com<br />
www.kids-corner.com<br />
www.kidsdomain.com<br />
www.kids-space.org<br />
www.kidscom.com<br />
www.safekids.com<br />
www.child.net<br />
www.4kids.com<br />
www.kotb.com<br />
www.timeforkids.com<br />
www.foxkids.com<br />
www.cyberkids.com<br />
www.bonus.com</p>
<p><strong>Legal Affairs:</strong><br />
www.cyberlawindia.com<br />
www.india-laws.com<br />
www.lawinfo.com<br />
www.lawsinindia.com<br />
www.vakilno1.com<br />
www.indiapropertylaws.com<br />
www.courtsjudgements.com<br />
www.lawinc.com<br />
www.icj-cij.org<br />
www.legiz.com<br />
www.naavi.com</p>
<p><strong>Literature:</strong><br />
www.vrindaindia.com<br />
www.amedeo.com<br />
www.litrature.org<br />
www.iranonline.com<br />
www.afganonline.com<br />
www.ethiopiaonline.com</p>
<p><strong>Loans:</strong><br />
www.allahabadbank.com<br />
www.hdfc.com<br />
www.countrywideindia.com<br />
www.kotakmahindra.com<br />
www.associatesindia.com<br />
www.birlaglobal.com<br />
www.anz.com/india<br />
www.icici.com<br />
www.apnaloan.com<br />
www.citibank.com/india</p>
<p><strong>Maps:</strong><br />
maps.google.com<br />
www.mapquest.com<br />
www.map.org<br />
www.map.excite.com<br />
www.map.com<br />
www.emagame.com<br />
www.maptown.com<br />
www.thomas.com<br />
www.chicagomap.com<br />
www.mapacademy.com<br />
www.3datlas.com<br />
www.4maps.com</p>
<p><strong>Matrimonials:</strong><br />
www.jeevansathi.com<br />
www.indiadaily.com<br />
www.matrimonials.com<br />
www.matrimonialonline.com<br />
www.matrimonialsindia.com<br />
www.snehaquest.com<br />
www.a1im.com<br />
www.couples-place.com<br />
www.saakshi.com<br />
www.searchpartner.com<br />
www.inmatch.com<br />
www.desilink.com<br />
www.hastamilap.com<br />
www.indiamatches.com<br />
www.indianrishte.com<br />
www.matrimonials.indiainfo.com<br />
www.indianlink.com<br />
www.indiausamarriage.com<br />
www.indiacanadamarriage.com<br />
www.indobride.com<br />
www.marriage.com<br />
www.rishteyhirishtey.com<br />
www.suitablematch.com<br />
www.godblessmatrimonials.com<br />
www.indianalliance.com<br />
www.indialite.com<br />
www.timesmatrimonial.com<br />
www.bachelorsindia.com<br />
www.webmarriages.com<br />
www.marriagebuilders.com<br />
www.globeads.com<br />
www.cyberproposal.com<br />
www.ourmarriage.com<br />
www.keralamatrimonial.com<br />
www.waycoolwedding.com<br />
www.weddingcircle.com<br />
www.marriagetools.com</p>
<p><strong>Music:</strong><br />
www.hrithik.net<br />
www.mp3.com<br />
www.music3w.com<br />
www.indiagaana.com<br />
www.dhadkan.com<br />
www.musicworld4u.com<br />
www.enn2.com<br />
www.rhythmindia.com<br />
www.supernet.com www.musiccurry.com<br />
www.whitepathmusic.com<br />
www.indiaculture.miningco.com<br />
www.musicweb.co.uk<br />
www.tipsmusicfilms.com<br />
www.topcassette.com<br />
www.ancient-future.com<br />
www.indiaexpress.com<br />
www.hindustan.net<br />
www.aishwarya-rai.com<br />
www.freemusic2u.com<br />
www.coolindiaworld.com<br />
www.angelfire.com<br />
www.bollynet.com<br />
www.joyofindia.com<br />
www.geocities.com<br />
www.justgo.com<br />
www.hamaracd.com<br />
www.ccmusic.com<br />
www.pointlycos.com<br />
www.cqkmusic.com<br />
www.guitarsite.com<br />
www.steelguitarcanada.com<br />
www.mtv.com<br />
www.compass.com<br />
www.rocknrollvault.com<br />
www.music.indiana.edu.com<br />
www.imusic.com<br />
www.civilwarmusic.net<br />
www.webprimitives.com<br />
www.classical.net<br />
www.allmusic.com<br />
www.classicalmusic.co.uk<br />
www.classicalusa.com<br />
www.tunes.com<br />
www.columbiahouse.com<br />
www.mp3grand.com<br />
www.irish-music.net<br />
www.iuma.com<br />
www.worldrecords.com<br />
www.contemplator.com<br />
www.humaracd.com</p>
<p><strong>News/Entertainment:</strong><br />
www.thestatesman.net<br />
www.telegraphindia.com<br />
www.indiatimes.com<br />
www.economictimes.com<br />
www.business-standard.com<br />
www.india-today.com<br />
www.the-hindu.com<br />
www.tamil.net<br />
www.indiaexpress.com<br />
www.expressindia.com<br />
www.samachar.com<br />
www.dinakaran.com<br />
www.Aol.com<br />
www.cnet.com<br />
www.znet.com<br />
www.msnbc.com<br />
www.weather.com<br />
www.broadcastindia.com<br />
www.wahindia.com<br />
www.disneyonline.com<br />
www.go2net.com<br />
www.pathfinder.com<br />
www.ivillage.com<br />
www.cnn.com<br />
www.about.com<br />
www.azcentral.com<br />
www.suntimes.com/index<br />
www.chicagotribune.com<br />
www.dallasnews.com<br />
www.chron.com<br />
www.latimes.com<br />
www.herald.com<br />
www.nydailynews.com<br />
www.nytimes.com<br />
www.usatoday.com</p>
<p><strong>Organiser:</strong><br />
www.yourorganiser.com<br />
www.dailydrill.com<br />
www.digital.daytimer.com<br />
www.magicdesk.com<br />
www.when.com<br />
www.anyday.com</p>
<p><strong>Parenting:</strong><br />
www.indiaparenting.com<br />
www.fathersworld.com<br />
www.allaboutparents.com<br />
www.familyplay.com<br />
www.indiachildren.com<br />
www.indianmoms.com<br />
www.indianmother.com<br />
www.parentsoup.com<br />
www.parentstages.com<br />
www.mustformums.com<br />
www.drspock.com<br />
www.babycenter.com<br />
www.parenting.com</p>
<p><strong>Photography:</strong><br />
www.photographyreview.com<br />
www.agfaphoto.com<br />
www.indiaphotography.com<br />
www.masters-of-photography.com<br />
www.photodisc.com<br />
www.indialight.com<br />
www.photoindia.com<br />
www.photocentreindia.com<br />
www.onlinephotography.com<br />
www.photographymuseum.com<br />
www.photoresource.com<br />
www.sightphoto.com<br />
www.kodak.com<br />
www.digital-photography.org<br />
www.photolinks.net<br />
www.thephotosite.com<br />
www.arteffects.com</p>
<p><strong>Properties:</strong><br />
www.indiaproperties.com<br />
www.architectmatters.com<br />
www.buildzone.com<br />
www.indiahomeseek.com<br />
www.homeseekars.com<br />
www.realestate.com<br />
www.pioneershelters.com<br />
www.propertyindian.com<br />
www.propertymartindia.com<br />
www.floor2roof.com<br />
www.homes.com<br />
www.indianpropertymarket.com<br />
www.indiaconstruction.com<br />
www.castles.org<br />
www.propertybuilder.com<br />
www.dcircle.com<br />
www.estatebazar.com<br />
www.worldlights.com<br />
www.estatedeals.com<br />
www.estateindia.com<br />
www.homesby.com</p>
<p><strong>Quiz:</strong><br />
www.quizsite.com<br />
www.coolquiz.com<br />
www.brainstormers.com<br />
www.posterquiz.com<br />
www.quotequiz.com<br />
www.wordquiz.com<br />
www.qunlimited.com<br />
www.allstarquiz.com</p>
<p><strong>Recipe:</strong><br />
www.daawat.com<br />
www.bawrachi.com<br />
www.deliciousindia.com<br />
www.indiachef.com<br />
www.bestindianmall.com<br />
www.vegweb.com<br />
www.cookingmarvel.com<br />
www.indianrecipes.com<br />
www.khanakhazana.com<br />
www.tadka.com<br />
www.indochef.com<br />
www.topsecretrecipes.com<br />
www.spicenflavor.com<br />
www.epicurious.com<br />
www.pppindia.com/recepies<br />
www.gadnet.com/foodx.htm<br />
www.emall.com/spice/indian.html<br />
www.indiaworld.co.in/open/rec/recepies<br />
www.namaste.net/html/recepies<br />
www.pugmarks.com/1-stuff/recepie<br />
www.foodtv.com<br />
www.gorp.com/gorp/food/main.htm<br />
www.chefnet.com<br />
www.southerndelights.com<br />
www.dfwms.com/food/dinning.html<br />
www.tripod.com<br />
www.welcomeindia.com/recepi.htm<br />
www.sanjeevkapoor.com<br />
www.tarladalal.com<br />
www.bhojana.com<br />
www.73coffees.com<br />
www.best.com</p>
<p><strong>Religious:</strong><br />
www.ashramonline.com<br />
www.onlinedarshan.com<br />
www.saranam.com<br />
www.sevapooja.com<br />
www.indiablessings.com<br />
www.bhagavadgita.org<br />
www.buddhanet.net<br />
www.indiantemples.com<br />
www.islaam.org<br />
www.islam.org/mosque<br />
www.jaindarshan.com<br />
www.thegreatgoddess.com<br />
www.balaji.net<br />
www.shirdibaba.org<br />
www.shraddhanjali.com<br />
www.siddhivinayak.org<br />
www.hindumythology.com<br />
www.sgpc.net</p>
<p><strong>Search Engines:</strong><br />
www.yahoo.com<br />
www.khoj.com<br />
www.rediff.com<br />
www.lycos.com<br />
www.go.com<br />
www.Excite.com<br />
www.altavista.com<br />
www.snap.com<br />
www.looksmart.com<br />
www.askjeeves.com<br />
www.goto.com<br />
www.infoseek.com<br />
www.hotbot.com<br />
www.indolink.com<br />
www.webcrawler.com<br />
www.Iwon.com<br />
www.google.com</p>
<p><strong>Shopping:</strong><br />
www.fabmart.com<br />
www.noshutters.com<br />
www.letsallsave.com<br />
www.skumars.com<br />
www.indiagifts.com<br />
www.indiastores.com<br />
www.indbazaar.com<br />
www.indiashop.com<br />
www.malamall.com<br />
www.chennaibazaar.com<br />
www.ibaya.com<br />
www.infobanc.com<br />
www.indianpurchase.com<br />
www.buy.com<br />
www.bluemountainarts.com<br />
www.ebay.com<br />
www.americangreetings.com<br />
www.cdnow.com<br />
www.mypoints.com<br />
www.egreetings.com<br />
www.coolsavings.com<br />
www.bargainsbazaar.com<br />
www.buyasone.com<br />
www.aolshopping.com</p>
<p><strong>Software Companies:</strong><br />
www.accel-india.com<br />
www.adsi-us.com<br />
www.apar.com<br />
www.apcc.com<br />
www.daxil.com<br />
www.aptech-worldwide.com<br />
www.autodesk.com<br />
www.baan.com<br />
www.bdpsindia.com<br />
www.bflsoftware.com<br />
www.bitechm.com<br />
www.bslindia.com<br />
www.birlasoft.com<br />
www.bsil.com<br />
www.bplglobal.com<br />
www.iflexsolution.com<br />
www.citibank.comcosi<br />
www.cmcltd.com<br />
www.cms.co.in<br />
www.cognizant.com<br />
www.ca.com<br />
www.datacraft-asia.com<br />
www.dataproinfoworld.com<br />
www.dbups.com<br />
www.deldot.com<br />
www.digitalindiasw.com<br />
www.dlink-india.com<br />
www.epson.co.in<br />
www.hclinfosystems.com<br />
www.hp.com<br />
www.ibm.comin<br />
www.itil.com<br />
www.infy.com<br />
www.zensar.com<br />
www.itsindia.com<br />
www.ltitl.com<br />
www.lccinfotech.com<br />
www.lgsi.co.in<br />
www.lotus.com<br />
www.mahindraconsulting.com<br />
www.monitorsindia.com<br />
www.netsol.co.in<br />
www.nexuscomputers.com<br />
www.nortelnetworks.com<br />
www.novell.com<br />
www.patni.com<br />
www.pcsil.com<br />
www.pentamedia-grafix.com<br />
www.pentafour.com<br />
www.polaris.co.in<br />
www.rolta.com<br />
www.samsungindia.com<br />
www.sap.com<br />
www.satyam.com<br />
www.sasi.com<br />
www.silverline.com<br />
www.ssil-india.com<br />
www.sqlstarintl.com<br />
www.sumitindia.com<br />
www.tataelxsi.com<br />
www.tatainfotech.com<br />
www.tata.comttil<br />
www.tulipsoftware.com<br />
www.vxl.com<br />
www.wellwin-india.com</p>
<p><strong>Sports:</strong><br />
www.wwf.com<br />
www.collegesports-online.com<br />
www.onlinesports.com<br />
www.espn.go.com<br />
www.khel.com<br />
www.bharatiyahockey.org<br />
www.golfindia.com<br />
www.indianopengolf.com<br />
www.indianhockey.com<br />
www.indiarace.com<br />
www.indiapolo.com<br />
www.indianfootball.com<br />
www.tennisindia.org<br />
www.yourgolfguru.com<br />
www.excite.com<br />
www.ski.com.au<br />
www.usatoday.com<br />
www.adventuresports.com<br />
www.iransports.net<br />
www.activeusa.com<br />
www.attpbgolf.com<br />
www.nike.com<br />
www.leisurepursuits.com<br />
www.foxsports.com<br />
www.wimbledon.com<br />
www.allsports.com<br />
www.caaws.ca/main.htm<br />
www.sportingnews.com</p>
<p><strong>Steel:</strong><br />
www.essar.com<br />
www.clickforsteel.com<br />
www.steel.org<br />
www.recycle-steel.org<br />
www.rolledsteel.com<br />
www.steelnet.org<br />
www.bethsteel.com<br />
www.e-steel.com<br />
www.ltvsteel.com<br />
www.britishsteel.co.uk</p>
<p><strong>Travel:</strong><br />
www.travelocity.com<br />
www.travelmartindia.com<br />
www.mapsofindia.com<br />
www.chennaionline.com<br />
www.mumbaitalaash.com<br />
www.net2travel.com<br />
www.jayahey.com<br />
www.biztravel.com<br />
www.outlooktraveller.com<br />
www.razorfinish.com<br />
www.hydonline.com<br />
www.bharatplanet.com<br />
www.shubhyatra.com<br />
www.indiacity.com<br />
www.indiamela.com<br />
www.mapquest.com<br />
www.southwest.com<br />
www.aa.com<br />
www.makemytrip.com<br />
www.tourisminindia.com<br />
www.accessworldwide.com<br />
www.triple1.com<br />
www.destinationindia.com<br />
www.delta-air.com<br />
www.americanair.com<br />
www.itn.com<br />
www.flycontinental.com<br />
www.nwa.com<br />
www.iflyswa.com<br />
www.twa.com<br />
www.ual.com<br />
www.usairways.com<br />
www.fly-virgin.com<br />
www.lowestfare.com<br />
www.aol.com<br />
www.globe-online.com<br />
www.australia.com<br />
www.canada.com/travel<br />
www.mauritius.com<br />
www.touregypt.net<br />
www.expedia.com</p>
<p><strong>Web Directories:</strong><br />
www.infospace.com<br />
www.switchboard.com<br />
www.classmates.com<br />
www.anywho.com<br />
www.1800ussearch.com<br />
www.zip2.com<br />
www.knowx.com<br />
www.bigfoot.com<br />
www.easydo.com<br />
www.yellowpages.net</p>
<p><strong>Women:</strong><br />
www.womeninfoline.com<br />
www.sitagita.com<br />
www.smartbahu.com<br />
www.feminaindia.com<br />
www.icleo.com<br />
www.women.com<br />
www.rebelleworld.com<br />
www.prerana.com<br />
www.sewa.com<br />
www.evetimes.com<br />
www.brideandhome.com<br />
www.wcd.nic.in<br />
www.indiaw2w.com<br />
www.pyar.cjb.net<br />
www.srimati.com<br />
www.indiatimes.com/women<br />
www.footforward.com<br />
www.soulkurry.com<br />
www.tips4me.com<br />
www.indiaslady.com</p>
<p><strong>Others:</strong><br />
www.sawaal.com<br />
www.planetcustomer.com<br />
www.screensaver.com<br />
www.bimaonline.com<br />
www.masti.com<br />
www.fashiononline.com<br />
www.mailmetoday.com<br />
www.bimatimes.com<br />
www.indialedger.com<br />
www.glamorousfaces.com<br />
www.ideas2.com<br />
www.bizkool.com<br />
www.indianroots.com<br />
www.bonzi.com<br />
www.elabh.com<br />
www.directhit.com<br />
www.orbitcybertech.com<br />
www.setindia.com<br />
www.evoke.com<br />
www.pugmarks.net<br />
www.familycq.com.com<br />
www.banglanatak.com<br />
www.zatang.com<br />
www.bsmotoring.com<br />
www.roomairconditioner.com<br />
www.electricmela.com<br />
www.bigwebindia.com<br />
www.hyperoffice.com<br />
www.allwonders.com<br />
www.windpowerindia.com<br />
www.virinchi.com<br />
www.indiaelectricmarket.com<br />
www.americaonline.com<br />
www.rightserve.com<br />
www.phone.com<br />
www.software.com<br />
www.apnatransport.com<br />
www.dgreetings.com<br />
www.yet2.com<br />
www.vsnl.com<br />
www.satyamonline.com<br />
www.123india.com<br />
www.hifunda.com<br />
www.indya.com<br />
www.indiafm.com<br />
www.a4india.com<br />
www.caltiger.com<br />
www.indiainfo.com<br />
www.mantraonline.com<br />
www.onlysmart.com<br />
www.indiatimes.com<br />
www.indiabiz.com<br />
www.indiamarkets.com<br />
www.nazara.com<br />
www.bharatnet.com<br />
www.forindia.com<br />
www.jaldi.com<br />
www.nerdworld.com</p>
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		<title>156 Useful Run Commands for Windows</title>
		<link>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/156-useful-run-commands-for-windows/</link>
		<comments>http://gopalsinghal.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/156-useful-run-commands-for-windows/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Sep 2011 05:11:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>gopalsinghal</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Windows Tips]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[To Access…. Run Command Accessibility Controls access.cpl Accessibility Wizard accwiz Add Hardware Wizard hdwwiz.cpl Add/Remove Programs appwiz.cpl Administrative Tools control admintools Adobe Acrobat (if installed) acrobat Adobe Designer (if installed) acrodist Adobe Distiller (if installed) acrodist Adobe ImageReady (if installed) imageready Adobe Photoshop (if installed) photoshop Automatic Updates wuaucpl.cpl Bluetooth Transfer Wizard fsquirt Calculator calc [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=gopalsinghal.wordpress.com&amp;blog=10897619&amp;post=59&amp;subd=gopalsinghal&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<table border="1" cellpadding="0" width="34%">
<tr>
<td valign="top"><strong>To Access….</strong></td>
<td valign="top"><strong>Run Command</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Accessibility Controls</td>
<td valign="top">access.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Accessibility Wizard</td>
<td valign="top">accwiz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Add Hardware Wizard</td>
<td valign="top">hdwwiz.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Add/Remove Programs</td>
<td valign="top">appwiz.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Administrative Tools</td>
<td valign="top">control admintools</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Adobe Acrobat (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">acrobat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Adobe Designer (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">acrodist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Adobe Distiller (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">acrodist</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Adobe ImageReady (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">imageready</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Adobe Photoshop (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">photoshop</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Automatic Updates</td>
<td valign="top">wuaucpl.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Bluetooth Transfer Wizard</td>
<td valign="top">fsquirt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Calculator</td>
<td valign="top">calc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Certificate Manager</td>
<td valign="top">certmgr.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Character Map</td>
<td valign="top">charmap</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Check Disk Utility</td>
<td valign="top">chkdsk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Clipboard Viewer</td>
<td valign="top">clipbrd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Command Prompt</td>
<td valign="top">cmd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Component Services</td>
<td valign="top">dcomcnfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Computer Management</td>
<td valign="top">compmgmt.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Control Panel</td>
<td valign="top">control</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Date and Time Properties</td>
<td valign="top">timedate.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">DDE Shares</td>
<td valign="top">ddeshare</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Device Manager</td>
<td valign="top">devmgmt.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Direct X Control Panel (If Installed)*</td>
<td valign="top">directx.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Direct X Troubleshooter</td>
<td valign="top">dxdiag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Disk Cleanup Utility</td>
<td valign="top">cleanmgr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Disk Defragment</td>
<td valign="top">dfrg.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Disk Management</td>
<td valign="top">diskmgmt.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Disk Partition Manager</td>
<td valign="top">diskpart</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" width="34%">
<tr>
<td valign="top">Display Properties</td>
<td valign="top">control desktop</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Display Properties</td>
<td valign="top">desk.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Display Properties (w/Appearance Tab Preselected)</td>
<td valign="top">control color</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Dr. Watson System Troubleshooting Utility</td>
<td valign="top">drwtsn32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Driver Verifier Utility</td>
<td valign="top">verifier</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Event Viewer</td>
<td valign="top">eventvwr.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Files and Settings Transfer Tool</td>
<td valign="top">migwiz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">File Signature Verification Tool</td>
<td valign="top">sigverif</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Findfast</td>
<td valign="top">findfast.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Firefox (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">firefox</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Folders Properties</td>
<td valign="top">control folders</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Fonts</td>
<td valign="top">control fonts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Fonts Folder</td>
<td valign="top">fonts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Free Cell Card Game</td>
<td valign="top">freecell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Game Controllers</td>
<td valign="top">joy.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Group Policy Editor (XP Prof)</td>
<td valign="top">gpedit.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Hearts Card Game</td>
<td valign="top">mshearts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Help and Support</td>
<td valign="top">helpctr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">HyperTerminal</td>
<td valign="top">hypertrm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Iexpress Wizard</td>
<td valign="top">iexpress</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Indexing Service</td>
<td valign="top">ciadv.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Internet Connection Wizard</td>
<td valign="top">icwconn1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Internet Explorer</td>
<td valign="top">iexplore</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Internet Properties</td>
<td valign="top">inetcpl.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Internet Setup Wizard</td>
<td valign="top">inetwiz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">IP Configuration(Display Connection Configuration)</td>
<td valign="top">ipconfig /all</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">IP Configuration (Display DNS Cache Contents)</td>
<td valign="top">ipconfig /displaydns</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">IP Configuration(Delete DNS Cache Contents)</td>
<td valign="top">ipconfig /flushdns</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">IP Configuration(Release All Connections)</td>
<td valign="top">ipconfig /release</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">IP Configuration(Renew All Connections)</td>
<td valign="top">ipconfig /renew</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">IP Configuration (Refreshes DHCP &amp; Re-Registers DNS)</td>
<td valign="top">ipconfig /registerdns</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">IP Configuration (Display DHCP Class ID)</td>
<td valign="top">ipconfig /showclassid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">IP Configuration (Modifies DHCP Class ID)</td>
<td valign="top">ipconfig /setclassid</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Java Control Panel (If Installed)</td>
<td valign="top">jpicpl32.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Java Control Panel (If Installed)</td>
<td valign="top">javaws</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Keyboard Properties</td>
<td valign="top">control keyboard</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Local Security Settings</td>
<td valign="top">secpol.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Local Users and Groups</td>
<td valign="top">lusrmgr.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Logs You Out Of Windows</td>
<td valign="top">logoff</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Malicious Software Removal Tool</td>
<td valign="top">mrt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Microsoft Access (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">access.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Microsoft Chat</td>
<td valign="top">winchat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Microsoft Excel (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">excel</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Microsoft Frontpage (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">frontpg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Microsoft Movie Maker</td>
<td valign="top">moviemk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Microsoft Paint</td>
<td valign="top">mspaint</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Microsoft Powerpoint (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">powerpnt</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Microsoft Word (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">winword</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Microsoft Syncronization Tool</td>
<td valign="top">mobsync</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Minesweeper Game</td>
<td valign="top">winmine</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Mouse Properties</td>
<td valign="top">control mouse</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Mouse Properties</td>
<td valign="top">main.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Nero (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">nero</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Netmeeting</td>
<td valign="top">conf</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Network Connections</td>
<td valign="top">control netconnections</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Network Connections</td>
<td valign="top">ncpa.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Network Setup Wizard</td>
<td valign="top">netsetup.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Notepad</td>
<td valign="top">notepad</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Nview Desktop Manager(If Installed)</td>
<td valign="top">nvtuicpl.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Object Packager</td>
<td valign="top">packager</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">ODBC Data Source Administrator</td>
<td valign="top">odbccp32.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">On Screen Keyboard</td>
<td valign="top">osk</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Opens AC3 Filter(If Installed)</td>
<td valign="top">ac3filter.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Outlook Express</td>
<td valign="top">msimn</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Paint</td>
<td valign="top">pbrush</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Password Properties</td>
<td valign="top">password.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Performance Monitor</td>
<td valign="top">perfmon.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Performance Monitor</td>
<td valign="top">perfmon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Phone and Modem Options</td>
<td valign="top">telephon.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Phone Dialer</td>
<td valign="top">dialer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Pinball Game</td>
<td valign="top">pinball</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Power Configuration</td>
<td valign="top">powercfg.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Printers and Faxes</td>
<td valign="top">control printers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Printers Folder</td>
<td valign="top">printers</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Private Character Editor</td>
<td valign="top">eudcedit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Quicktime (If Installed)</td>
<td valign="top">QuickTime.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Quicktime Player (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">quicktimeplayer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Real Player (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">realplay</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Regional Settings</td>
<td valign="top">intl.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Registry Editor</td>
<td valign="top">regedit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Registry Editor</td>
<td valign="top">regedit32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Remote Access Phonebook</td>
<td valign="top">rasphone</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Remote Desktop</td>
<td valign="top">mstsc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Removable Storage</td>
<td valign="top">ntmsmgr.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Removable Storage Operator Requests</td>
<td valign="top">ntmsoprq.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Resultant Set of Policy (XP Prof)</td>
<td valign="top">rsop.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Scanners and Cameras</td>
<td valign="top">sticpl.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Scheduled Tasks</td>
<td valign="top">control schedtasks</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">SecurityCenter</td>
<td valign="top">wscui.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Services</td>
<td valign="top">services.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Shared Folders</td>
<td valign="top">fsmgmt.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Shuts Down Windows</td>
<td valign="top">shutdown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Sounds and Audio</td>
<td valign="top">mmsys.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Spider Solitare Card Game</td>
<td valign="top">spider</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">SQL Client Configuration</td>
<td valign="top">cliconfg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">System Configuration Editor</td>
<td valign="top">sysedit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">System Configuration Utility</td>
<td valign="top">msconfig</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">System File Checker Utility (Scan Immediately)</td>
<td valign="top">sfc /scannow</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">System File Checker Utility (Scan Once At Next Boot)</td>
<td valign="top">sfc /scanonce</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">System File Checker Utility (Scan On Every Boot)</td>
<td valign="top">sfc /scanboot</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">System File Checker Utility (Return to Default Setting)</td>
<td valign="top">sfc /revert</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">System File Checker Utility (Purge File Cache)</td>
<td valign="top">sfc /purgecache</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">System File Checker Utility (Set Cache Size to size x)</td>
<td valign="top">sfc /cachesize=x</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">System Information</td>
<td valign="top">msinfo32</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">System Properties</td>
<td valign="top">sysdm.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Task Manager</td>
<td valign="top">taskmgr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">TCP Tester</td>
<td valign="top">tcptest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Telnet Client</td>
<td valign="top">telnet</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Tweak UI (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">tweakui</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">User Account Management</td>
<td valign="top">nusrmgr.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Utility Manager</td>
<td valign="top">utilman</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows Address Book</td>
<td valign="top">wab</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows Address Book Import Utility</td>
<td valign="top">wabmig</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows Backup Utility (if installed)</td>
<td valign="top">ntbackup</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows Explorer</td>
<td valign="top">explorer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows Firewall</td>
<td valign="top">firewall.cpl</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows Magnifier</td>
<td valign="top">magnify</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows Management Infrastructure</td>
<td valign="top">wmimgmt.msc</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows Media Player</td>
<td valign="top">wmplayer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows Messenger</td>
<td valign="top">msmsgs</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows Picture Import Wizard (need camera connected)</td>
<td valign="top">wiaacmgr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows System Security Tool</td>
<td valign="top">syskey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows Update Launches</td>
<td valign="top">wupdmgr</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows Version (to show which version of windows)</td>
<td valign="top">winver</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Windows XP Tour Wizard</td>
<td valign="top">tourstart</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top">Wordpad</td>
<td valign="top">Write</td>
</tr>
</table>
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